Capillaroscopy in Cagliari
Early diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon and autoimmune connective tissue diseases
Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, painless examination that observes the microcirculation at the base of the nails. It is the key test for distinguishing primary from secondary Raynaud's and for the early detection of scleroderma. Performed at Centro Eudermia in Cagliari.
- Non-invasive and completely painless examination
- Key test for Raynaud's phenomenon
- Early diagnosis of scleroderma and connective tissue diseases
- Written report with a clear interpretation
What Is Nailfold Capillaroscopy
Capillaroscopy uses a microscope (capillaroscope) to observe the capillaries that are visible through the skin at the base of the nails. The examination is:
When Capillaroscopy Is Indicated
Raynaud's Phenomenon
A condition with episodes of vasoconstriction in the fingers in response to cold (white → blue → red). Capillaroscopy is the key test for distinguishing primary Raynaud's (benign) from secondary Raynaud's (associated with an autoimmune disease).
Suspected Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Capillaroscopy is one of the diagnostic criteria according to the 2013 ACR/EULAR guidelines. Capillaroscopic changes are often the first sign of the disease, preceding overt clinical manifestations by years.
Other Autoimmune Diseases
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Dermatomyositis
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Sjögren's syndrome
How the Examination Is Carried Out
Preparation
- • Do not smoke in the 2-3 hours beforehand
- • Do not drink coffee or alcohol in the hours beforehand
- • Do not apply nail polish for at least 24 hours
- • Acclimatise in the clinic for about 15 minutes
The Examination
While seated, a drop of immersion oil is applied to the base of the nail, which is then observed with the capillaroscope. The 8 central fingers are examined. The images are photographed and archived.
Reporting
The changes are classified according to the EUSTAR system ("early", "active" and "late" patterns). The report includes a description of the findings and recommendations for further investigation.
What Capillaroscopy Reveals
Normal Picture
Regularly arranged capillaries, an "inverted U" shape, normal density (9-10 per mm), uniform dimensions. No megacapillaries, microhaemorrhages or rarefaction.
Scleroderma Pattern
Megacapillaries (4-10x normal), microhaemorrhages, loss of capillaries with rarefaction, neoangiogenesis ("bushy" capillaries), disorganisation of the architecture. Classified into early, active and late stages.
Frequently Asked Questions About Capillaroscopy
Related Services
Capillaroscopy works alongside other dermatological assessments for patients with autoimmune conditions: rosacea, vitiligo, alopecia (scarring forms associated with connective tissue diseases), skin cancer for comprehensive monitoring.
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